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<p><font color="#000000">In modern molecular biology and genetics, the <strong>genome</strong> is the entirety of an organism's hereditary information. It is encoded either in DNA or, for many types of virus, in RNA. The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA.<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><font size="2"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></font></sup></font></p>
<h2><span id="Origin_of_Term" class="mw-headline"><font color="#000000">Origin of Term</font></span></h2>
<p><font color="#000000">The term was adapted in 1920 by Hans Winkler, Professor of Botany at the University of Hamburg, Germany. In Greek, the word <em>genome</em> (γίνομαι) means I become, I am born, to come into being. The Oxford English Dictionary suggests the name to be a blend of the words <em><strong>gen</strong>e</em> and <em>chromos<strong>ome</strong></em>. A few related <em>-ome</em> words already existed, such as <em>biome</em> and <em>rhizome</em>, forming a vocabulary into which <em>genome</em> fits systematically.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><font size="2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></font></sup></font></p>
<p><font color="#000000">An analogy to the human genome stored on DNA is that of instructions stored in a library:</font></p>
<ul>
<li><font color="#000000">The library would contain 46 books (chromosomes)</font></li> <li><font color="#000000">The books range in size from 400 to 3340 pages (genes)</font></li> <li><font color="#000000">which is 48 to 250 million letters (A,C,G,T) per book.</font></li> <li><font color="#000000">Hence the library contains over six billion letters total;</font></li> <li><font color="#000000">The library fits into a cell nucleus the size of a pinpoint;</font></li> <li><font color="#000000">A copy of the library (all 46 books) is contained in almost every cell of our body.</font></li>
</ul>
<h2><span id="Types" class="mw-headline"><font color="#000000">Types</font></span></h2>
<div style="column-count: 2; -moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2" class="references-small references-column-count references-column-count-2">
<ol class="references">
</ol>
</div>
<h2><span id="Further_reading" class="mw-headline">Further reading</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><span class="citation book">Benfey, P.; Protopapas, A.D. (2004). <em>Essentials of Genomics</em>. Prentice Hall.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essentials+of+Genomics&rft.aulast=Benfey&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Benfey%2C%26%2332%3BP.&rft.date=2004&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Genome"><span style="DISPLAY: none"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Brown, Terence A. (2002). <em>Genomes 2</em>. Oxford: Bios Scientific Publishers. <a title="International Standard Book Number" href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number"><font color="#0645ad">ISBN</font></a> <a title="Special:BookSources/978-1859960295" href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1859960295"><font color="#0645ad">978-1859960295</font></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genomes+2&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Terence+A.&rft.au=Brown%2C%26%2332%3BTerence+A.&rft.date=2002&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Bios+Scientific+Publishers&rft.isbn=978-1859960295&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Genome"><span style="DISPLAY: none"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Gibson, Greg; Muse, Spencer V. (2004). <em>A Primer of Genome Science</em> (Second ed.). Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Assoc. <a title="International Standard Book Number" href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number"><font color="#0645ad">ISBN</font></a> <a title="Special:BookSources/0-87893-234-8" href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87893-234-8"><font color="#0645ad">0-87893-234-8</font></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Primer+of+Genome+Science&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft.au=Gibson%2C%26%2332%3BGreg&rft.date=2004&rft.edition=Second&rft.place=Sunderland%2C+Mass&rft.pub=Sinauer+Assoc&rft.isbn=0-87893-234-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Genome"><span style="DISPLAY: none"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Gregory, T. Ryan (ed) (2005). <em><a title="The Evolution of the Genome" href="/wiki/The_Evolution_of_the_Genome"><font color="#0645ad">The Evolution of the Genome</font></a></em>. Elsevier. <a title="International Standard Book Number" href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number"><font color="#0645ad">ISBN</font></a> <a title="Special:BookSources/0-12-301463-8" href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-12-301463-8"><font color="#0645ad">0-12-301463-8</font></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%5B%5BThe+Evolution+of+the+Genome%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=T.+Ryan+%28ed%29&rft.au=Gregory%2C%26%2332%3BT.+Ryan+%28ed%29&rft.date=2005&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.isbn=0-12-301463-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Genome"><span style="DISPLAY: none"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Reece, Richard J. (2004). <em>Analysis of Genes and Genomes</em>. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. <a title="International Standard Book Number" href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number"><font color="#0645ad">ISBN</font></a> <a title="Special:BookSources/0-470-84379-9" href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-470-84379-9"><font color="#0645ad">0-470-84379-9</font></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Analysis+of+Genes+and+Genomes&rft.aulast=Reece&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rft.au=Reece%2C%26%2332%3BRichard+J.&rft.date=2004&rft.place=Chichester&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.isbn=0-470-84379-9&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Genome"><span style="DISPLAY: none"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Saccone, Cecilia; Pesole, Graziano (2003). <em>Handbook of Comparative Genomics</em>. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. <a title="International Standard Book Number" href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number"><font color="#0645ad">ISBN</font></a> <a title="Special:BookSources/0-471-39128-X" href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-39128-X"><font color="#0645ad">0-471-39128-X</font></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Comparative+Genomics&rft.aulast=Saccone&rft.aufirst=Cecilia&rft.au=Saccone%2C%26%2332%3BCecilia&rft.date=2003&rft.place=Chichester&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.isbn=0-471-39128-X&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Genome"><span style="DISPLAY: none"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation Journal">Werner, E. (2003). "In silico multicellular systems biology and minimal genomes". <em>Drug Discov Today</em> <strong>8</strong> (24): 1121–1127. <a title="Digital object identifier" href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier"><font color="#0645ad">doi</font></a>:<a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS1359-6446%2803%2902918-0" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">10.1016/S1359-6446(03)02918-0</font></a>. <a class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier" href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier"><font color="#0645ad">PMID</font></a> <a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14678738" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">14678738</font></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+silico+multicellular+systems+biology+and+minimal+genomes&rft.jtitle=Drug+Discov+Today&rft.aulast=Werner&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Werner%2C%26%2332%3BE.&rft.date=2003&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=1121%E2%80%931127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1359-6446%2803%2902918-0&rft_id=info:pmid/14678738&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Genome"><span style="DISPLAY: none"> </span></span></li>
</ul>
<h2><span id="External_links" class="mw-headline">External links</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/builddna/" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">Build a DNA Molecule</font></a></li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/02_01/Sizing_genomes.shtml" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">Some comparative genome sizes</font></a></li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.dnai.org/" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">DNA Interactive: The History of DNA Science</font></a></li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.dnaftb.org/" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">DNA From The Beginning</font></a></li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.genome.gov/10001772" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">All About The Human Genome Project from Genome.gov</font></a></li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.genomesize.com/" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">Animal genome size database</font></a></li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/cval/homepage.html" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">Plant genome size database</font></a></li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.genomesonline.org/" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">GOLD:Genomes OnLine Database</font></a></li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">The Genome News Network</font></a></li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=genomeprj" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">NCBI Entrez Genome Project database</font></a></li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/About/primer/genetics_genome.html" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">NCBI Genome Primer</font></a></li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4994088.stm" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">BBC News - Final genome 'chapter' published</font></a></li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.crops.org/genome/" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">The Plant Genome</font></a></li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://img.jgi.doe.gov/" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">IMG</font></a> The Integrated Microbial Genomes system, for genome analysis by the DOE-JGI.</li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://camera.calit2.net/index.php/" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">CAMERA</font></a> Cyberinfrastructure for Metagenomics, data repository and bioinformatics tools for metagenomic research</li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.genecards.org/" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">GeneCards</font></a> an integrated database of human genes.</li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://genome.igib.res.in/" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">Genome@IGIB</font></a> Resources and News on the Zebrafish Genome Project @ IGIB.</li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.geknome.com" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">GeKnome Technologies Next-Gen Sequencing Data Analysis</font></a> Next-Gen Sequencing Data Analysis for <a title="Illumina" href="/wiki/Illumina"><font color="#0645ad">Illumina</font></a> and <a title="454" href="/wiki/454"><font color="#0645ad">454</font></a> Service from GeKnome Technologies.</li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://ascb.org/ibioseminars/brenner/brenner1.cfm" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">What Genomes Can Tell Us About the Past</font></a> - lecture by <a title="Sydney Brenner" href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner"><font color="#0645ad">Sydney Brenner</font></a></li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.imame.org/form/genome--mid80-frz.htm" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">Genome metaphor, reflecting from formal-net hierarchies, and software binaries</font></a>.</li>
</ul>
